What Was The The Makeup On The Tin Man In The Wizard Of Oz
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the globe's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on backside the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that mantle and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the dearest moving-picture show a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of 50. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a part in the 1939 pic adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week bargain. In the cease, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being also scary for audiences.
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-twelvemonth-sometime Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland vesture a blonde wig and loads of "infant-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent daughter would…?). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol changed. Afterwards MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Dandy Picture Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W West Due west."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Unsafe
Ane of the Wicked Witch'southward terminal-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to come across the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snowfall? It's actually 100% industrial-form chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the fourth dimension, information technology was yet Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful for Buddy Ebsen (the original Can Man's) willingness to trade parts with him for more than reasons than ane. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was meliorate than Ebsen's, he nonetheless had some bug. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven design that mimicked the look of burlap. Subsequently the moving-picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'south face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor as well early on.
For the 2nd accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn down flared upwardly. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2nd- and tertiary-degree burns on her hands and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're chosen in the source material — accept certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost every bit scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
Withal, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downward on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Nearly on the Cut Room Floor
To no one'southward surprise, the American Motion picture Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise yous? The (arguably) most iconic vocal of Judy Garland'southward career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes also long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin can Homo Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Residuum Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't take it easy either. From the lingering concerns well-nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same result with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human being Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new character, the Tin Human, caused him a slew of issues. Namely, the grapheme'due south silverish makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the last film, his vocals tin can exist heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave United states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really concur upwardly. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is but a miniature firm that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And so Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney's Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance, though the film went on to make roughly $8 meg.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — just it all the same didn't reverberate the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $fifty per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per calendar week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio'due south title carte du jour — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to bandage actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming beast, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit made from real lion skin. Nevertheless, the arc lights used on set up made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol's nerves. Each night, 2 stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The movie started shooting in October of 1938 just didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwardly an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's virtually $50 meg adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the flick just earned $three million at the box role — about $51.8 million by today'due south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's small success in the U.S. barely covered product and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'south returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Fourth dimension Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just sixteen years onetime when she was bandage every bit Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep afterward studios shot them upwardly with adrenaline then they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assist, leading to lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her footling more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalisation of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated film Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the film revolutionize the blitheness industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Can Human's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art 1000 Romeo?"
The Reddish Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in most 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Establishment's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only Ane Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — consummate with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these breathtaking locations, about all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the merely location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
Afterwards one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years later on the moving-picture show debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, simply she was likewise a deplorable, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked besides takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Colour" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were but as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a dissimilar color" was fabricated possible thanks to a surprising food detail…
Clot-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motion quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. Merely the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn railroad vehicle was once endemic by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to requite life to this fantasy picture. To keep upwards with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Nearly actors had to arrive before five:00 in the morning — half-dozen days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Moving picture
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the great fortune of existence responsible for some of the most quoted lines in pic history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Moving-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping iii of the motion picture's lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that homo behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place's no identify like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I take a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the motion picture is incredible. Like the "equus caballus of a dissimilar color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Presently after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the cherry-red slippers from the young girl'southward anxiety. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it expect more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and function trouble-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized course. For instance, the white office of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply because it filmed improve. And the oil the Tin Man is and so excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beefiness with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the Eastward — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an befuddled Dorothy looks out her sleeping accommodation window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the carmine slippers. The restored version of the movie makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Moving picture'due south Running Time Was Cut Downward Several Times
The get-go cut of the picture show clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like cypher past today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off twenty minutes.
Afterwards cut the famed "Jitterbug" number and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the motion picture was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Homo becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And so Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the Westward performance besides frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But non everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the pic's starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the twenty-four hour period of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem every bit though the entire film was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a modest syntactical faux pas?
Information technology'due south widely believed this was a chip of a stunt washed to raise the surprise of the moving picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the moving picture'southward debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Well-nigh-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another moving picture released the same year, besides directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box role. (Yous may have heard of that little picture — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in function to re-releases.
The film was outset broadcast on boob tube on November three, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is ane of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in movie history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts
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